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Benjamin Shear��is an associate professor in the 91���Ҹ� and Evaluation Methodology program and a Faculty Partner with the Center for Assessment, Design, 91���Ҹ� and Evaluation (CADRE). His primary research interests address topics in psychometrics and applied statistics, including validity theory, differential item functioning, and the application of diagnostic classification 91���Ҹ�. His work aims to inform our perspectives about test score meaning and use for research and accountability purposes, and to help answer questions such as, “what do test scores measure, and how do we know?” As a former high school mathematics teacher, his work often focuses on applications in mathematics education. His research in applied statistics seeks to improve the use of quantitative methods by education researchers measuring student learning, evaluating education policies, or studying inequality. This work is often carried out collaboratively with researchers working in other areas and through his teaching.